Many studies by researchers and accounting educators explore various factors associated with the success or failure of accounting majors in college level accounting courses. This paper identifies and summarizes the main difficulties associated with low student academic achievement in finance for managers in Gulf college in Oman. The research empirically investigates student perceptions of the difficulties of academic achievement in finance for managers courses. The research method was a survey that involved classifying students in business, marketing and business economic. Data was collected through a questionnaire with 23 items related to four primary groups: academic staff style, exams and quizzes, students, and accounting textbooks. This is result findings show that the major obstacles of learning and study finance for managers that Traditional pedagogical Techniques, Lack of English language proficiency.

Keywords: academic achievement, learning difficulties, finance for managers, attitude, Gulf college

The aim of this article is to investigate the asymmetric effects of the oil price on economic policy uncertainty for the period from January 1997 to May 2021 using a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag approach. The results of the bounds test indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the economic uncertainty index and oil price. Furthermore, we conclude that the long-run equilibrium relationship is a usual logical relationship and not a degraded relationship. The results of the asymmetric effects in the short and long term also showed that the positive and negative shocks to oil prices have an asymmetric effect on the EPU index. In addition, the negative shock may have a greater absolute effect in the long run. Our results are important to both investors interested in the oil market, as well as for policymakers.

Purpose - This paper analyses the effects of the US economic policy uncertainty index and oil price changes on the dollar exchange rate over a monthly period from January 2006 to August 2020.

Methods - This paper uses the Markov-switching Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model.

Findings - The results show that the sharp decline regime in the exchange rate is the most stable. In addition, the impact of the oil price on the exchange rate of the concerned currencies is stronger than the effect of EPU on the exchange rate of these currencies. We also find that most of the effects of oil prices were negative, while positive for the Canadian dollar and the Japanese yen exchange rate.

Implications - Addressing this investigation contributes to many of the areas covered in recent macroeconomic and finance research. Moreover, such research can help predict changes in currency and oil prices better and create profitable investment and hedging strategies for currencies and oil.

Originality - We consider the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and oil price changes on the relationships between those markets and study these relationships under different market conditions.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between economic growth and financial development for the period 1980 - 2017 in Upper-Middle-Income countries by employing panel (FMOLS, DOLS and GMM) and panel Granger-causality tests by Toda–Yamamoto. The results confirmed that domestic credit to private sector (percentage of GDP) and broad money (percentage of GDP) have a positive effect on economic growth. As a result, it can be said that financial development accelerates economic growth. In addition, the results showed that unidirectional causality running from economic growth to financial development in the countries of Jordan, Morocco, Belize, Botswana, China, Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, and Thailand. While, the unidirectional causal relationship is running from financial development to growth in the countries of Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Dominican Republic, Malaysia, South Africa and Turkey. In contrast, there is no causal relationship in Oman, Tunisia, Brazil, Mauritius and Mexico. 

Recently, the extent to which economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects exchange rate movements has been an important research question. Therefore, this paper examines the effects of both economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and the volatility index (VIX) on exchange rates for the case of four countries, which recorded the highest number of deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we use the bounds testing approach to cointegration and error correction model, developed within an ARDL model. The findings show that: (i) during the pre-pandemic period, the co-integration tests showed that there is a positive effect of the VIX index on the Brazilian real in the long run. Likewise, there is a positive effect of the volatility index on the exchange rates of both the Indian rupee and the Swedish krona during the pandemic period, as well as between the volatility index and the Indian rupee before and during the COVID-19. Regarding the effect of EPU on the exchange rates, we found that during the pre-pandemic period there was no statistically significant effect for the four countries, while during the pandemic period, there is a positive relationship between the EPU and the Brazilian reals. While the case of the before and during the COVID-19, we find that there is a positive relationship between the EPU index and the exchange rates of both the Indian rupees and Mexican new pesos. (ii) we note that the error correction coefficients for the period before the outbreak of the epidemic are lower than during the pandemic period. Specifically, the exchange rate correction in the epidemic period is faster than in the period preceding the outbreak of the epidemic. This indicates that before a pandemic period is more vulnerable to fundamental shocks. (iii) the impact of the VIX shock is greater than the EPU shock. Our results offer practical implications for policymakers and investors. 

In this paper, we examine the intertemporal causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in the selected sixteen the Middle East and North Africa countries by annual data (1985–2016). Unlike the majority of the previous studies and as an alternative to the conventional method of having the same integration of time series and large samples, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach and causality analysis were applied by Toda & Yamamoto (1995). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long run relationship between economic growth and total final energy consumption. On the other hand, the results of the causality test, show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from economic growth to total energy consumption that energy conservation policies may not unfavourable effects on economic growth. Overall, these countries meet the conservation hypothesis which means that the causal aspect is unidirectional from economic growth to total final energy consumption and that energy conservation policies will have little or no negative impact on growth in these energy-dependent countries

This paper aims to explore the relationship between economic growth and financial development of the MENA countries over the period 1990 to 2015. The results of the fixed and random effect tests showed that there is a negative relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth, but their impact on oil-importing countries is greater than that of oil-exporting countries. While the impact of domestic credit to the private sector has a positive affect economic growth, it appears that its impact on oil-importing countries is greater than that on oil exporting. In addition, the unidirectional causality stems from growth to domestic credit in long run, the bidirectional causality between economic growth and renewable energy consumption in the MENA. In the case of oil-importing countries, there is no causal relationship between the variables, whereas for the oil-exporting countries there is a unidirectional causality that extends from real GDP to domestic credit, as well as from renewable energy consumption to real GDP. In addition, there is unidirectional causality that stems from the domestic credit to energy consumption. These results indicate that the MENA countries are an economy independent of energy and that economic growth is crucial in providing the resources necessary for sustainable development.

The current study has been conducted to understand the organizational commitment levels of the teachers, who are currently working at the Libyan schools, which are operating in Turkey based on their different personal factors (gender, marital status, age and length of service). This data set has been collected by asking 116 teachers to fill-in questionnaires. The mentioned teachers are currently working for 10 Libyan schools operating in Turkey. The questionnaire includes the first part consisting of demographic questions while its second part deals with the questions pertaining to the teachers’ organizational commitment levels. In order to measure the teachers’ personal factors like seniority, gender, age, and marital status, the first part has been carefully designed. In the second part, eighteen organizational commitment assessment items were selected for measuring the teachers’ organizational commitment levels. For this purpose, we applied an already tried and tested scale, which was originally developed by Allen, Smith and Meyer (1993), so as to test the four hypotheses. According to our one-way variance analysis, the mean scores obtained for the teachers showed significant differences in organizational commitment when variables like marital status and age were taken as independent variables.